Anatomy of the Spine

The spine, also known as the vertebral column or backbone, is a vital component of the musculoskeletal system. It provides structural support, protects the spinal cord, and enables a wide range of movements. The spine is divided into several distinct regions, including the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions. 

Cervical Spine: The cervical spine is the uppermost region of the spine, consisting of seven vertebrae labeled C1 to C7. It supports the head and allows for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. 

Thoracic Spine: The thoracic spine is the middle region of the spine and is made up of twelve vertebrae labeled T1 to T12. The thoracic vertebrae are larger and stronger than the cervical vertebrae and provide attachment points for the ribs. This region plays a crucial role in protecting the organs within the thoracic cavity. 

Lumbar Spine: The lumbar spine is the lower region of the spine and consists of five vertebrae labeled L1 to L5. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest and strongest in the spine, as they bear the majority of the body's weight. The lumbar spine provides stability and supports various movements, such as bending, twisting, and lifting. 

Sacral and Coccygeal Regions: The sacrum and coccyx are fused structures located below the lumbar spine. The sacrum, composed of five fused vertebrae, connects the spine to the pelvis, providing stability and transmitting forces between the upper body and the lower limbs. The coccyx, commonly known as the tailbone, is a small triangular bone formed by the fusion of three to five vertebrae.